• e - ISSN No : 2832-4277
Submit Paper
IJRTTE Logo

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RECENT TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING (IJRTTE)

Home / Archives / Vol. 3 No. 4 / Articles

Design and Implementation of a Cost-Effective IoT Weather Station on Open-Source Hardware

J. Subbarayudu
Professor, Department of CSE, CMR Engineering College, India.

Keywords: IoT weather station; open-source hardware; energy harvesting; multi-protocol connectivity; edge AI; sensor calibration; data security.

Abstract

The proliferation of proprietary IoT weather stations has often been hindered by high costs, limited sensor scope, and inadequate power management. This paper presents the design and implementation of a cost-effective IoT weather station built entirely on open source hardware and software. Leveraging modular sensor nodes, the system integrates wind speed, barometric pressure, UV index, precipitation, temperature, and humidity measurements to deliver comprehensive environmental monitoring. A ruggedized enclosure, coupled with solar energy harvesting and adaptive sleep–wake cycles, enables weeks-long autonomous operation in diverse outdoor conditions. Dual-protocol connectivity supporting LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, MQTT over cellular, and BLE provides both long-range reach and high-throughput local access. Data accuracy is enhanced through automated calibration routines and redundant sensing, while on-device edge AI and cloud-based machine-learning forecasting enable real-time analytics and predictive insights. Security and privacy controls are embedded from the ground up via TLS authentication, message encryption, and optional local data storage. Field trials demonstrate reliable data acquisition with less than 2% measurement drift over 30 days, 98% uptime, and energy self-sufficiency under variable sunlight conditions. The open-source release of all schematics, firmware, and cloud integration scripts fosters transparency and rapid community-driven innovation. This work establishes a robust, low-cost platform that overcomes the limitations of existing garden focused prototypes and provides a scalable solution for research, educational, and community deployments.
PDF
Download Certificate
Details
Published
2024-12-22
Pages
1-9
Issue
Vol. 3 No. 4 (2024): IJRTTE - 03 - 04
Section
Articles

References

  1. R. D. Gupta, R. U. Bhuiyan, K. Roy, S. Debnath, N. Ahamed and M. T. Abdullah, "Development of a Low Cost IoT Integrated System in Precision Smart Garden," 2024 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Robotics, Automation, Artificial-Intelligence and Internet-of-Things (RAAICON), 2024, pp. 979-986, doi: 10.1109/RAAICON64172.2024.10928554.
  2. A. Khan et al., "IoT Based Real-Time Weather Monitoring and Forecasting System Using Machine Learning," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 118020-118034, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3107598.
  3. S. Tiwari, S. Rajput, R. K. Jha, "A Low-Cost IoT Based Weather Monitoring System Using Raspberry Pi," 2021 International Conference on Smart Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics (ICSTCEE), 2021, pp. 178-183, doi: 10.1109/ICSTCEE52412.2021.9709379.
  4. A. D. Kumar et al., "Implementation of IoT Based Low-Cost Weather Monitoring System," 2022 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), 2022, pp. 911-915, doi: 10.1109/ICICT56576.2022.10042057.
  5. M. Kabir et al., "Real-Time IoT Based Weather Forecasting and Monitoring System Using Machine Learning," 2023 IEEE World AI IoT Congress (AIIOT), 2023, pp. 46-50, doi: 10.1109/AIIOT55355.2023.10076539.
  6. T. T. Nguyen et al., "Edge AI for Weather Forecasting: A Survey," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 785-801, 2023, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2022.3170072.
  7. B. Zhang et al., "Energy-Efficient Data Acquisition for Remote Weather Stations Using IoT-Based LPWAN," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 22, no. 17, pp. 17114-17124, 2022, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3182545.
  8. P. Zhang et al., "Design of Low-Power IoT Weather Monitoring Node With Energy Harvesting," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 4537-4547, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2022.3207802.
  9. A. Chatterjee et al., "Secure IoT Framework for Real-Time Environmental Data Monitoring," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 95187-95198, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3204134.
  10. V. P. Singh et al., "Design and Implementation of a Portable IoT Weather Station with Cloud-Based Data Logging," 2023 International Conference on Internet of Things and Machine Learning (IML), 2023, pp. 55-60, doi: 10.1109/IML55578.2023.10121299.
  11. S. Yadav et al., "An Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network for Remote Agricultural Weather Stations," IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1401-1410, 2023, doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2022.3156701.
  12. R. K. Patel et al., "IoT Based Data Analytics for Predictive Weather Monitoring," 2022 International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT), 2022, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/CONECCT55699.2022.10038634.
  13. L. Li et al., "Design of a Low-Cost IoT-Based Urban Air Quality and Weather Monitoring System," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 155467-155478, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3129744.
  14. M. R. Islam et al., "IoT-Based Cloud Integrated Smart Weather Monitoring System Using Machine Learning," 2021 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Applications (ICAICA), 2021, pp. 147-152, doi: 10.1109/ICAICA52286.2021.9498230.
  15. D. J. Kim et al., "Open-Source Weather Station with Edge AI for Real-Time Weather Prediction," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 2540-2552, 2023, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2022.3200104.
  16. S. Banerjee et al., "Design and Development of an IoT-Enabled Smart Environmental Monitoring System," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 9, no. 21, pp. 22321-22333, 2022, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2022.3174852.
  17. H. Liu et al., "Multi-Parameter IoT-Based Portable Weather Monitoring and Forecasting Device," 2024 International Conference on Advanced Sensor Technologies (ICAST), 2024, pp. 88-92, doi: 10.1109/ICAST56556.2024.10452112.
  18. J. Y. Park et al., "Smart IoT-Based Environmental Monitoring Platform with Blockchain Integration," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 135601-135613, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3221035.
  19. M. K. Sharma et al., "Cost-Effective Open-Source IoT-Based Smart Weather Station for Precision Agriculture," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 119006-119017, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3220803.
  20. Y. Chen et al., "IoT-Based Smart Weather Monitoring and Forecasting for Urban Cities Using AI," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 1720-1730, 2024, doi: 10.1109/TII.2023.3286121.